Almanacs, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Handbooks

Africana.com -- This site's goal is "to bring together authoritative information about the whole world of Africa and her Diaspora in as provocative and entertaining a way as [they] can." It includes news and analysis, reviews and personal essays, from all around the world concerning Africa.

ArtCyclopedia: the Fine Arts Search Engine -- This site's "mission is to become the definitive and most effective guide to museum-quality fine art on the Internet." They have compiled a comprehensive index of every artist represented at hundreds of museum sites, image archives, and other online resources.

Bartleby.com Reference -- The best of both contemporary and classic reference works.

The Catholic Encyclopedia

CIA World Fact book -- Includes "Country Profiles" that cover geography, people, government, the economy, communications, transportation, military, & transnational issues of countries worldwide. Also includes a section of reference maps.

(Cities) -- Historic Cities -- "Jointly sponsored by the Historic Cities Center within the Department of Geography at Hebrew University and the Jewish National and University Library, the Historic Cities Web site is intended to contain maps, literature, documents, books, and other relevant material concerning the past, present, and future of historic cities. While some of these documents and ephemera are still forthcoming to the site, visitors will find a wide array of historic city maps and views dating from 1486 to 1720."

Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition (2001) -- Bartleby.com -- "Bartleby.com has relaunched its electronic version of the _Columbia Encyclopedia_ with numerous updates, including improved search and navigation features. The sixth edition contains close to 51,000 entries, including 17,000 biographies, with over 80,000 hypertext cross-references, as well as links to other resources such as maps, speeches, and additional full-text collections held by Bartleby.com."

Country Reports.org -- "Presents up-to-date information on population, geography, economy, history, and politics. Aside from that, however, the site presents a lively array of extras that don't figure in the CIA's matter of fact dossiers, things such as audio clips of national anthems and links to current weather reports."

Country Studies (Library of Congress)

Encarta Encyclopedia Online

Encyclopedia Britannica (1911 Edition) -- "The 11th Edition is frank and honest in its articles on religious history, especially medieval church history. Women's suffrage was given a soapbox, as were many other controversial subjects of the day. Even W.E.B. DuBois, one of the earliest and most radical of civil rights leaders, was encouraged to" make a submission.

Encyclopedia of Law and Economics (Downloadable)

Encyclopedia of the "Orient" (The Middle East/N.Africa) -- "A one-stop online resource which covers all countries and cultures between Mauritania in the west and Iran in the east, Turkey in the north and Sudan in south."

Encyclopedias (Subject) -- A major collection from the dmoz open directory project.

English Language Dictionaries Online -- Described as a very extensive collection of English language dictionaries and related reference works.

(Etomology) Online Etymology Dictionary -- Douglas Harper (an amateur etymologist) has compiled one of the first free online etymology dictionaries. The etymologies are compiled in alphabeticalorder and parsed into smaller sections for easy viewing. The homepage of the dictionary also contains a list of abbreviations that will come in handy when looking over the etymologies.

*Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia -- (FT) Provides over 25,000 encyclopedic entries. Searchable by subject or keywords within the entry.

Google Web Directory: Encyclopedias -- Links to 13 general and specialized encyclopedia Web sites.

Google Web Directory: Reference (Sources) -- Links to an extensive collection of reference sources by type such as: almanacs; "ask an expert;" encyclopedias; flags; libraries; parliamentary procedure; style guides; thesauri, & world records.

InfoPlease.com (Almanac) -- Comprehensive almanac site with a daily update edition.

Librarian's Index to the Internet: Dictionaries -- Provides some 55 links to a wide range of subject-specific dictionary sites. Also offers a basic search feature of the entire site.

Maps -- An Atlas of World Maps by Encarta Online

(Maps) The World of Maps -- "Maps, spacial data and GIS on the Internet - and how to find them. Links to catalogues of map holdings, map collections and map archives,map curatorship and map history, map institutions, map events and many others ...."

(Medieval Studies) ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies -- "ORB is a medieval site created and maintained by medieval scholars and intended for use by instructors and students...The major sections of the site are "Encyclopedia," "Textbook Library" (which includes the full text of about a dozen books), " Reference Shelf," "Resources for Teaching," "Of General Interest," and "External Links."

Merriam Webster Language Center -- Includes access to both the Collegiate Dictionary and Thesaurus.

The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, 2nd ed. -- Grovemusic.com comprises the full text of "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians," second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London, 2001), "The New Grove Dictionary of Opera," edited by Stanley Sadie (London, 1992), and "The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz," second edition, edited by Barry Kernfeld (London, 2002).

Occupational Outlook Handbook
Also includes: "Occupational Outlook Quarterly," and "Employment Outlook: 1994-2005."

One-Look Dictionaries

Online! Citation Styles -- Citation styles for the total range of online information: Web site, email message, listserv, etc. Detailed descriptions and examples are given for MLA, APA, Chicago, and CBE.

Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences

(Philosophy) The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2001) -- "Articles in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy are currently from three sources (1) original contributions by specialized philosophers around the internet, (2) adaptations of material written by the editors for classroom purposes, and (3) adaptations from public domain sources (typically from two or more sources for per article). Articles of types 2 and 3 are designated as "proto articles," and over time we wish to replace all of these with original contributions by specialized philosophers..."

The Political Reference Almanac -- Includes biographical profiles and photographs of U.S. government officials (federal, state, & local); descriptions of all U.S. federal government agencies, an examination of the U.S. federal budget; government profiles of all 192 nations and their territories; & a worldwide government contact network.

Portals to the World (Library of Congress) -- "Selective links providing authoritative, in-depth information about the nations and other areas of the world. They are arranged by country or area with the links for each sorted into a wide range of broad categories. The links were selected by Area Specialists and other Library staff using Library of Congress selection criteria."

Research-It! -- Provides access to a wide variety of basic reference tools. Also includes hot links to telephone directories, various electronic maps, currency convertors, & current stock market quotes.

(Ready Reference) Lii.org: Ready Reference & Quick Facts -- A collection of general reference resources such as almanacs, atlases, gazetteers, phone books, and quotation sites as well as quantitative sources such as censuses, foreign exchange rates, statistics, and weights and measures organized by the Librarians' Index to the Internet.

(Ready Reaference) U.S. Government Documents Ready Reference Collection (Columbia Univ.) -- From the Documents Service Center at columbia University. An arrangement of 237 titles (many statistical) into 15 subject areas. Indicates frequency of updates and format of web versions.

Sources: Their Use and Acknowledgement -- Prepared at Dartmouth College to use as a handbook to consult when writing papers. The "Examples" section demonstrates the format for bibliographies and footnotes using the APA, MLA, and Science citation styles.

Urban Legends and Folklore -- Legends, folklore, hoaxes (past & present)

Wordsmyth: the Educational Dictionary -Thesaurus -- A "premier online American English dictionary with an integrated thesaurus." It contains 50,000 headwords, and very precisely defined and hyperlinked synonyms. The search engine allows for very flexible searching even if you are not sure of the spelling.

Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles -- A guide to the following major documentation styles: American Political Science Association (APSA), American Psychological Association (APA), Chicago/Turabian, Council of Biology Editors (CBE), Modern Language Association (MLA), and Numbered References. It also provides guides for citing electronic sources: MLA/Citing Electronic Sources, APA/Citing Electronic Sources, and Chicago Style/Citing Electronic Sources. © 2003 The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.

Xrefer -- The Web's Reference Engine -- "xrefer's free site contains encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri & books of quotations from the world's leading publishers. All cross-referenced, all in one place..."

Your Dictionary.com -- A comprehensive collection of various language and specialty dictionaries as well as grammars.

*An asterisk indicates sites available only from City College workstations or via a college proxy account. Information on proxy account is available on our Web site under "Policies."