Introduction
This document provides a list of the key terminology that is used in this guide to distinguish among the many web sites presented:
Database: an organized aggregation of information records that can be accessed electronically. In the Library field this includes indexing and abstracting databases, or databases of full-text journal articles. Databases have searchable and browsable capabilities.
Directory: a web site that provides browsable access to online Internet resources systematically organized, and usually created manually rather than being generated via an automated process. Sometimes used synonymously with "collection".
Gateway: a web site that provides searchable and browsable access to online Internet resources, usually created manually rather than being generated via an automated process, such as the case of conventional web search engine. Sometimes used synonymously with "portal" or "hub".
Resource: an item (article, journal, book), website, or service of interest to end-users.
Search Engine: a tool (robot) that automatically visits Internet websites (using crawlers), records and indexes them within its database, and generates results based on a user's search criteria. Best examples of a search engine are AltaVista, Goggle and Lycos.
 The Goldfish icon designates resources you may want to look at first.
Please note:
- It is not always easy to categorize web sites; if you don't find what you're looking for straight away, 1) Try browsing through the other pages, and/or 2) Use your browser's FIND function to locate what you're looking for within these pages.
- The building blocks of communicating what we know about organisms are scientific names. These Latin and Greek names are often necessary when we look for information. Following there are several terms related to classification and naming of organisms (Definitions taken from Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan):
Classification – a system of naming objects or entities by common characteristics. In a biological sense, classification is the systematic grouping of organisms based on structural or functional similarities or evolutionary history.
Taxonomy – the classification of organisms into a system that indicates natural relationships (evolutionary relationships); the theory and practice of describing, naming, and classifying organisms.
Systematics – the systematic classification of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them;
Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of a group or lineage.
Nomenclature – the system of scientific names applied to taxa (groups of organisms).
Agriculture & Botany
AgNIC is the web gateway to quality agricultural biotechnology information on the Internet. AgNIC is the result of a collaborative effort between many academic libraries, government agencies, and international organizations. Types of resources reviewed and selected include: other Internet gateways of resources, government agencies, international organizations, societies, associations, mailing lists, discussion groups, databases, reports and publications. You can search by keywords, or browse subjects.
http://agnic.umd.edu/
Education Center of the American Phytopathological Society includes an illustrated glossary, student and instructor resources, a list of university plant pathology programs, and selected articles from the Plant Health Instructor, a journal of peer-reviewed instructional materials and teaching scholarship for plant pathology and closely related disciplines. The Introductory and Advanced Plant Pathology sections are primarily for students in higher education. The "APS Common Names of Plant Diseases" can be searched by keyword(s) or browsed. Images of plant diseases are also provided.
http://www.apsnet.org/education/
BiologyBrowser: Botany. A searchable collection of botany-related sites, assembled by Thomson Scientific/BIOSIS.
http://www.biologybrowser.org/bb/Subject/Botany/index.shtml
Flora of North America provides names, taxonomic relationships, continent-wide distributions, and morphological characteristics of more than 20,000 species of plants native or naturalized in North America north of Mexico, about 7% of the world's total. Both vascular plants and bryophytes are included. (From Harvard)
http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/FNA
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) is a database that links the data held in the various collections of the Australian National Botanic Gardens, the Australian National Herbarium, the Australian Plant Image Index and the Australian Plant Name Index. You can search on a word or a plant name, or browse the following categories: introduction to the botanic gardens, education, plants in the gardens, plant names, photographs, maps, growing Australian plants, cultivars of Australian plants, horticultural research, fungi, cryptogams, illustrations of Australian flora, and many more.
http://www.cpbr.gov.au/anbg/index-ibis.html
National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII): Botany encompasses a wide range of databases, indexes, directories, species profiles, dictionaries, taxonomic information, collections, and organizations devoted to the study, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants, bryophytes, and fungi. NBII program provides increased access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. The NBII links diverse, high-quality biological databases, information products, and analytical tools maintained by NBII partners and other contributors in government agencies, academic institutions, non-government organizations, and private industry.
http://www.nbii.gov/disciplines/botany/index.html
SciTechGov: Agriculture and Food Technology is a catalog containing descriptions of just those government web sites that are key entry points to government agriculture and food technology resources. Categories of resources include: computer software, expertise, federal laboratories, information centers, inventions for licensing, online databases, sources of images and photographs, sources of publications, reports, and data, technology transfer opportunities, and information for the science-aware citizen. You may search, or browse for web sites by keyword, agency, and resource type.
http://www.scitechresources.gov/Search/topic.php?cat=98
Scott's Botanical Links developed by Scott Russel, professor of botany at the University of Oklahoma, provides links to useful botany education resources for advanced high school through collegiate and even research levels. Categories include: classroom resources, databases, pictorial resources, and web resource pages for botany, systematics resources, and many other types of information.
http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/bot-linx/search.shtm
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plants Database provides standardized information about the vascular plants, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens of the U.S. and its territories. It includes names, plant symbols, checklists, distributional data, species abstracts, characteristics, images, crop information, automated tools, onward Web links, and references. This information primarily promotes land conservation in the United States and its territories, but academic, educational, and general use is encouraged.
http://plants.usda.gov/
See also:
Dictionaries & Taxonomies
General & Multidisciplinary Biology
Go to: Agriculture & Botany
Go to: Table of Contents
Amphibians & Reptiles
Amphibian Species of the World database is a taxonomic and geographical reference database from the American Museum of Natural History. This database has two searching tools, a BROWSE table (on the right) and a SEARCH table (on the top left). In addition, all underlined author names, dates, and publications may be "clicked through" to see other records citing this author, date, or publication.
http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php
AmphibiaWeb is an online database that provides conservation, and taxonomy information for every recognized species of amphibian in the world. AmphibiaWeb was inspired by the global declines of amphibians in the world, and has been created in conjunction with the Library Digital Project at the University of California, Berkeley. This site makes available a list (the AmphibiaWeb Watch List) of extinct and threatened amphibian species from around the world. The main database is fully searchable by genus, species, vernacular name, family, or order. You also can browse this database by either 1) the alphabetical list of species, or 2) the family name. The species accounts include descriptions, life histories, conservation status, literature references, photographs, and distribution maps. The photo and literature databases are also searchable. The "Amphibians Decline" section offers factual information about amphibian decline, and possible solutions; a glossary, and links to researchers' home pages. The "Country Search "offers an interactive online "point-and-click" interface to locate information on a specific region.
http://amphibiaweb.org/index.html
Animal Diversity Web: Class Amphibia provides one or multiple kinds of information (features): a brief report, sounds, pictures, and specimens. The icons next to the order tell you what features are available for that taxon.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Amphibia.html
Animal Diversity Web: Class Reptilia provides one or multiple kinds of information (features): a brief report, sounds, pictures, and specimens. The icons next to the order tell you what features are available for that taxon.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Reptilia.html
EMBL Reptile Database provides information on the classification of all living reptiles (not dinosaurs) by listing all species and their higher taxa such as families. The database lists all living snakes, lizards, amphisbaenians, tuataras, turtles, and crocodiles. The focus is on (scientific) names, synonyms, distributions and references. A limited number of species accounts contain descriptions and links to external sources including pictures. Compiled by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Hamburg, Germany.
http://www.reptile-database.org
Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA) is the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the conservation status of the world's 5,743 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians. This website presents results of the assessments, including IUCN Red List threat category, range map, ecology information, and other data for every amphibian species. Search the GAA database for species by name, taxonomy, country, region, habitat type, threat type, or IUCN Red List status. It also includes links to institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations arranged by country of origin.
http://www.globalamphibians.org/
Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) Database is a database of distribution information for nonindigenous or invasive aquatic species of vertebrates. From U.S. Geological Survey.
National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII): Reptiles and Amphibians: Amphibians is a collection of web sites covering basic aspects amphibian classification, distribution, and life cycle. As yet the reptiles section of the site is inactive. Below are detailed descriptions of each section of the NBII Amphibians site.
http://www.nbii.gov/disciplines/herps/amphibians/index.html
Reptiles & Amphibians: Amphibian Species provides information about various amphibian species and how to identify them using the Checklist of Amphibian Species and Identification Guide: An Online Guide for the Identification of Amphibians in North America north of Mexico. This is a very useful guide with comprehensive information including common and scientific names, markings, and distribution maps, and images. This resource covers salamanders, frogs, and toads.
http://www.nbii.gov/disciplines/herps/amphibians/species.html
Reptiles & Amphibians – Amphibians: State & Regional Checklists provides links to state and regional resources about various amphibian species, plus links to photos, identification information, distribution maps, and other information. Covers Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, and Washington State.
http://www.nbii.gov/disciplines/herps/amphibians/checklists.html
Reptiles & Amphibians – Amphibians: Habitat, Life History, and Life Cycle provides resources on frogs, salamanders, toads, and newts habitats.
http://www.nbii.gov/disciplines/herps/amphibians/life.html
Amphibians: FrogWeb: Amphibian Declines & Deformities discusses what factors play a role in these critical issues. Many amphibian populations around the globe are in decline, while others suffer from alarming rates of physical malformations. What is causing these alarming trends?
http://frogweb.nbii.gov/
See also:
Aquatic and Marine Biology
Developmental Biology & Evolution
Ecology and Conservation
Dictionaries & Taxonomies
Zoology
Go to: Amphibians & Reptiles
Go to: Table of Contents
Anatomy and Physiology
Atlases of the Brain was developed by Dr. Suzanne Stensaas, Knowledge Weavers Project, at the University of Utah. Please note: This website has been designed for use with newer Netscape browser versions of 5.0 or greater, and you must have Java installed and enabled for this site to work properly.
http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/brain_atlas/
eSkeletons Project, from the University of Texas, at Austin, is devoted to the study of human and primate comparative anatomy. It offers a unique set of digitized versions of skeletons in 2-D and 3-D in color, with animations, and much supplemental information. The user can navigate through the various regions of the skeleton and view all orientations of each element along with muscle and joint information. eSkeletons enables you to view the bones of both human and non-human primates ranging from the gorilla to the tiny mouse lemur. All of the large apes are represented as well as other species from different parts of the world. Many of these primates are rare or endangered species.
http://www.eskeletons.org/
Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body, 20th ed. (1918). The full text of this classic anatomy text; features 1,247 vibrant engravings – many in color.
http://www.bartleby.com/107/
Human Anatomy Online from "Lifestyles Media Group" offers an interactive point-and-click approach to the systems of the human body. You begin by choosing a system, then you select a new image by moving the mouse over the image, and selecting the text icon will provide information on the image you are viewing. This website includes images, animations and descriptions.
http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html
Martindale’s Virtual Medical Center – Health Science Guide: Anatomy and Histology Center is a comprehensive gateway of resources. It is a "medical multimedia education and specialized information resource center". Section I provides information about the anatomy and function of abdomen, digestive system, brain, brainstem, breast, chest, and cardiothoracic system. Section II provides information about the anatomy and function of eye, endocrine system, muscle, musculoskeletal, foot, knee, spinal chord, oral and temporomandibular joint, and skin. Categories of resources include: medical cases and grand rounds, courses, textbooks, databases, journals, tutorials, videos, associations, atlases and image databases, and so much more. This website is maintained by Jim Martindale.
http://www.martindalecenter.com/MedicalAnatomy.html
Muscle Database (Human) from the "Swedish Institute of Kinesiologic Medicine" is the first complete database of muscles on the Internet. At the moment it encompasses the name of the muscle, innervations, attachments (origin-insertion) and muscle-function. Later on more specific kinesiology medicine information will be added, such as neurolymphatic and neurovascular receptors, acupuncture-meridian associations, clinical nutrition, manual muscle tests, and many more.
http://www.kinesiology.net/muscle1.asp
Neuroanatomy & Neuropathology on the Internet (Human) is a suite of resources compiled, designed, and maintained by Katalin Heged°s MD, Ph.D., Professor, and Head of Neuropathology Laboratory, the Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Debrecen, Hungary. This web site offers several resources, including Functional Neuroanatomy Tables, an Internet Handbook of Neurology, a Neuroradiology page, an Online Neuropathology Atlas, and many other resources.
http://www.neuropat.dote.hu/
Neurosciences on the Internet is a gateway of general and specific neuroscience resources. Topics covered include: Neurobiology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry, Psychology, Cognitive Science and Neurological Diseases. This website is maintained by Neil A. Busis, M.D., Chief, Division of Neurology, UPMC Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Types of covered resources include: neuroscience centers and laboratories worldwide, clinical departments, scientific publishers, pharmaceutical companies, scientific instrument firms, databases, exams and tutorials, images, journals, mailing lists, discussion groups, professional organizations, meetings, and many more resources. The "Best Bets" page lists Dr. Busis’ most interesting and useful sites on this subject. You can search this database using keywords, or browse by category of resources.
http://www.neuroguide.com/
Textbook in Medical Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials and clinical problems," by Poul-Erik Paulev. Copenhagen: Medical Publishers, 1999 – 2000. This site is an electronic textbook of physiology.
http://www.mfi.ku.dk/ppaulev/content.htm
The Virtual Embryo. Developed by Dr. Leon W. Browder of the University of Calgary, this site has several components, including Dynamic Development, a supplement to lectures and textbook reading for students of developmental biology, and Virtual World of Development, tutorial site with additional resources. Topics covered include: amphibian development, fertilization, gastrulation in Xenopus, fish development, development of C. elegans, molecular basis of Xenopus, development, Drosophila development, chick development, human development, mouse development, eye development, and heart development.
http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/virtualembryo/index.htm
Visible Embryo Project is a collaborative effort by the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Communications Engineering Branch (CEB), the Human Developmental Anatomy Center (HDAC) at the National Museum of Health and Medicine at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) in Washington, D.C., and the National Institute of Child and Human Development, to show how a collection of existing histological material could enhance medical research. One such collection, the Carnegie Collection of Human Development, consists of 10,000 human embryos spanning the 23 stages of embryo development. Many of the embryos have been sectioned and a small subset has been reconstructed using 3D visualization software.
http://www.visembryo.com/baby/index.html
Visible Human Project (Human) from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) has complete, anatomically detailed, 3-D representations of the male and female human bodies. Several electronic imaging techniques were used on the bodies, including electronic color photographs of thousands of razor-thin tissue cross-sections. The resulting datasets are enormous (altogether some 55 gigabytes) and open up a new world to researchers. The Visible Human data sets are designed to serve as a reference for the study of human anatomy, to serve as a set of common public domain data for testing medical imaging algorithms, and to serve as a test bed and model for the construction of network accessible image libraries. The Visible Human data sets have been applied to a wide range of educational, diagnostic, treatment planning uses by nearly 2,000 licensees in 48 countries. Several applications have been developed at the National Library of Medicine (NLM). These applications include:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html
Anatquest – Contains 3D rendered images of anatomic objects created from the Visible Human cryosections. Cryosections are associated with anatomical terminology.
http://anatquest.nlm.nih.gov/
Functional Atlas of the Visible Human – Developed under contract to NLM by the University of Colorado, this website is intended to serve as a model for educational applications based on the Visible Human Project data sets. The site consists of six functional anatomy teaching modules: mastication, deglutition, phonation, ocular motion, facial expression, and hearing. Basic anatomy in these modules is further enhanced by the addition of clinical and surgical information. The site is extensible and is updated on an annual basis.
http://www.visiblehuman.org/
Wormatlas: A web-based behavioral and structural atlas of C. Elegans is a gateway to all the anatomical information pertinent to C. elegans. Linked to the WormBase as well as the C. elegans WWW server.
http://www.wormatlas.org/
Go to: Anatomy and Physiology
Go to: Table of Contents
Aquatic and Marine Biology
U.S. Geological Survey: Aquatic Biology is part of an extensive gateway of resources on interdependent organisms living primarily in or on water.
http://www.usgs.gov/science/science.php?term=53
European Register of Marine Species (ERMS) is an authoritative taxonomic list of species occuring in the European marine environment.
http://www.marbef.org/data/ermssearch.php
OceanPortal, from the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, is a directory of Ocean Data and Information related web sites. Its objective is to provide a one-stop-shop for scientists, students and other ocean experts to locate such data and information by providing a single point of access to aggregated resources. The main subjects include Biology with browsable subheadings: arthropods, benthos, botany, diversity/taxonomy, ecology, fishes, marine mammals, mollusks, pathology/ toxicology, plankton/microbes, protected species, reefs and corals, seabirds, turtles, marine protected areas (MPA). The categories of resources are varied, and include: bibliographic databases, library catalogues, journals (and newsletters), discussion groups, newsgroups, list servers, e-repositories, multimedia collections (photo/ image, video, audio, maps/ charts), reference sources marine libraries, other libraries, publishers and agents, marine professional associations, funding sources, training and education, and others.
http://ioc.unesco.org/oceanportal/index.php
National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Fisheries & Aquatic Resources provides an extensive array of data on managed fish strains, populations and bloodstocks located throughout the United States, as well as watershed-based data, and extensive state-by-state fishing resources.
http://far.nbii.gov/
Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) Database is a repository of distribution information for nonindigenous or invasive aquatic species of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The nonindigenous aquatic species are defined as a member(s) (i.e. individual, group, or population) of a species that enters a body of water or aquatic ecosystem outside of its historic or native range. Most of the nonindigenous introductions are a result of human activities since the European colonization of North America. This database returns list of species and specimens associated with a reference. This site also provides an extensive collection of links to additional resources. From U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Interior.
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/
ReefBase is a database of information on coral reefs aimed at professionals involved in management, research, monitoring, conservation and education. ReefBase provides country-level data and information in a logical series of themes: 1) Resources; 2) Status; 3) Threats; 4) Management, 5). Maps and Photos; and
6) References. Please note: Registration is free and should only take a minute or so to complete.
http://www.reefbase.org/
See also:
Amphibians and Reptiles
Aquatic and Wetland Plants
Dictionaries & Taxonomies
Protista/Protoctista
Go to: Aquatic and Marine Biology
Go to: Table of Contents
Aquatic and Wetland Plants
Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant Database (APIRS) is devoted to freshwater aquatic and wetland plants, as well as terrestrial and aquatic invasive plants. The database includes annotated citations for more than 65,000 research articles, books and reports about plant ecology, physiology, utilization and control. Items in many languages dating back to the 18th century are in this inclusive database. Maintained by the Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida.
http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/
Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) Database: Plants is a database of distribution information for nonindigenous aquatic species of plants. The Most of the nonindigenous introductions are a result of human activities since the European colonization of North America. This database returns list of species and specimens associated with a reference. This site also provides an extensive collection of links to additional resources. From the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior.
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/plants/
North American Benthological Society (NABS) is an international scientific organization whose purpose is to promote better understanding of the biotic communities of lake and stream bottoms and their role in aquatic ecosystems, by providing media and disseminating new investigation results, new interpretations, and other benthological information to aquatic biologists and to the scientific community at large.
http://www.benthos.org/index.cfm
See also:
Green Algae
Aquatic & Marine Biology
Aquatic and Wetland Plants
Go to: Aquatic and Wetland Plants
Go to: Table of Contents
Archaea (Kingdom)
ArchaeaWeb contains information about archaea and extremophile, such as recent publications, events and an archaeal genome BLAST server. Please note: the site is designed to be interactive – you can create an account, login and submit news or links. You can also browse the site anonymously if you prefer.
http://www.archaea.unsw.edu.au/
Bacteriology Insight Orienting System (BIOS) is a database of bacteria and archaea. The BIOS database provides scientific names of bacteria and archaea, and links to useful information on bacterial strains and their references. BIOS is affiliated with the Catalog of Life.
http://www.sp2000ao.nies.go.jp/english/bios/
Introduction to the Archaea, from Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, this site provides an excellent short introduction to the archaea.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaea.html
micro*scope: Archaebacteria is a gateway of information about these microbes that grow at the most extreme temperatures of any known organisms on Earth. Images and related resources are provided (linkouts). Please note: You have the option to select and deselect the type of linkouts that you want to be displayed. In addition, registered users can add new outlinks to the micro*scope site.
http://starcentral.mbl.edu/microscope/portal.php?pagetitle=classification&BLOCKID=44&CHILDID=2&namebankID=2560063
See also:
Microbiology, Bacteriology & Virology
Prokaryotes
Go to: Archaea (Kingdom)
Go to: Table of Contents
Article and Full-Text Databases
Search library databases to locate journal articles you need. A library database, or an online index, is an organized collection of articles from scholarly journals (peer-reviewed/ refereed), magazines, and national and regional newspapers (popular). Some of these databases are available only to members of the CUNY or CCNY community, as indicated. Full-text journal collections are listed below the online indexes.
AGRICOLA (AGRICultural OnLine Access), produced by the National Agricultural Library (NAL), is a bibliographic database of 2.5 million citations to the agricultural literature. Indexes agricultural scholarly journals, as well as United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) publications, state agricultural experiment station and extension services documents, conference proceedings, books, theses, patents, software and audio-visual materials. Topics include agriculture, ecology, forestry, zoology, veterinary science, botany, entomology, food and nutrition and so on. Coverage begins in 1970 and varies by title. Full text is not available. Browse by author title, subject or search by keywords or menus. Free to the general public.
http://agricola.nal.usda.gov/
E-BioSci: Europe’s Gateway to the Life Sciences, developed by the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), searches content of abstracts in the field of molecular biology and genetics, with a focus on human genetics. E-BioSci searches PubMed database(1960-2005) and Pascal database (1999-2004), across different content types – literature, patents, genes and proteins, using an interactive search refinement (you add and remove different concepts, change your content focus – all on the same page) and allows for human gene recognition in full text, with links out to popular gene databases. E-BioSci is primarily an index database with abstracts; very few citations are linked to full text. Free to the general public.
http://e-biosci.embo.org:8080/index.jsp
Molecular Biology Database Collection: 2006 Update. Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 34, January 1, 2006, provides descriptions and updates of the most important bioinformatics databases, needed by the researchers in this field. The 2006 update includes 858 databases, 139 more than the previous one. This is an annual compilation. Free to the general public.
http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol34/suppl_1/index.dtl
National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Databases uses the Entrez text-based search and retrieval system. All NCBI databases are free to the general public.
See:
Entrez Tutorial
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez/tutor.html
Entrez Cross- Database Search
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gquery/gquery.fcgi
NCBI Site Map which leads to a brief description of every resource on this page, then to the resource itself.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Sitemap/ResourceGuide.html
PubMed provides access to complete bibliographic information from over 4,800 scholarly biomedical journals and magazines from 1950 to date. Coverage: Full text only to articles deposited in the PubMed Central digital Archive, or ScienceDirect/ Elsevier titles to which we subscribe. Source databases for PubMed are: MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, In Process Citations, and Publisher-Supplied Citations. The PubMed page also includes links to many other databases (explore the links on the left side of the page), some of which are described below.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed
See:
PubMed Tutorial from NLM.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pubmed_tutorial/m1001.html
Journals Database can be searched using the journal title, the Title Abbreviation, the NLM ID (NLM's unique journal identifier), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) abbreviation, and the print and electronic International Standard Serial Numbers (pISSNs and eISSNs). The database includes all journals in all Entrez databases (e.g., PubMed, Nucleotide, Protein).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Journals
Batch Citation Matcher allows users to match their own list of citations to PubMed citations, using bibliographic information such as journal, volume, issue, page number, and year. The Citation Matcher returns the corresponding PMID. This number can then be used to easily link to PubMed. This service is frequently used by publishers or other database providers who want to link from bibliographic references on their Web sites directly to PubMed citation.
http://ncbi.nih.gov/entrez/query/static/citmatch.html
Clinical Query Search finds citations that correspond to a specific clinical study category uses filters. These are: Clinical Queries using Research Methodology Filters and Medical Genetics Search Filters.
The search may be either broad and sensitive or narrow and specific.
http://ncbi.nih.gov/entrez/query/static/clinical.shtml
LinkOut is a service of Entrez that allows you to link directly from PubMed and other Entrez databases to a wide range of information and services beyond the Entrez system: full-text publications, biological databases, consumer health information, research tools, and more.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/linkout/
OMIA: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals is a database of genes, inherited disorders and traits in more than 135 animal species (other than human and mouse) authored by Professor Frank Nicholas of the University of Sydney, Australia. The "simple search" function searches species' scientific names, their common names, the names of the traits and disorders in the database, and their gene symbols. The "advanced search" function can be used to refine your search, or to search with keywords, author names, or disease categories. It can also retrieve single-locus traits and diseases for which the causative mutation has been identified at the DNA level. The advanced search also allows multiple search terms to be combined.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=omia
OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders authored and edited by Dr. Victor A. McKusick and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins and elsewhere, and developed for the World Wide Web by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The database contains textual information and references. It also contains copious links to MEDLINE and sequence records in the Entrez system, and links to additional related resources at NCBI and elsewhere.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=OMIM
Web of Knowledge
This collection of databases is only available to members of the City College community. The databases include Current Contents Connect, a database of journal tables of contents; and Web of Science, an electronic version of Science Citation Index that indexes articles based on how they cite other articles. These two are general science databases, but you can limit your search to topics of biological interest. Also included with Web Knowledge is INSPEC, a comprehensive database covering all areas of physics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Some articles of interest to the biological sciences may found here. Each of these specific databases must be selected from within the Web of Knowledge home page. Available only to CCNY students, faculty, and staff.
http://ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login?url=http://isiknowledge.com/
Full-Text Resources
Some of these resources are available to the general public, but the majority of them require subscriptions for full access. Some of these resources are electronic periodical, other are electronic books. All users within the CCNY IP range will get access to subscribed journals. Off campus (home or on the road), access is through our proxy server.
seSearch Alphabetical List of Journal Titles Online to find a specific journal title. You can also use the pull-down menu to select Health and Biological Sciences, then select any of the topics under Biology, Human Anatomy and Physiology, or Zoology.
http://mh7cb7jt5p.search.serialssolutions.com/
Use the Journal Title Search option CUNY+ to locate both paper and online journals. Most of the listings identify online resources and are linked to the appropriate web address.
http://apps.appl.cuny.edu:83
Biomedical and Life Sciences Journal Collections
American Society for Microbiology (ASM) publishes 11 scholarly journals covering all areas of microbiology and immunology. Full text is available for all 11 titles. Available only to CCNY students, faculty, and staff.
http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/Menu.html
BioMed Central offers over 140 open access journals covering all areas of biology and medicine. An effective way to browse the journals is to make use Gateways, which are "collections of content and resources from journals and sites published by BioMed Central, of interest to researchers in particular subject areas." The follow collections are included in Gateway listings: Bioinformatics and Genomics; Cancer; Microarrays; Neuroscience, Neurology and Psychiatry; Respiratory Research; RNA Interference (RNAi); and Systems Biology. Free to the general public.
http://www.biomedcentral.com
BioOne (Biosciences) publishes 200 titles, full text is available to about 80 biology journals, published by or for small, regional, or specialized scholarly organizations. Nearly all of the content is scholarly, peer-reviewed papers; however, many of the journals contain news and review articles of more general interest. Availability varies by journal. A few titles can be viewed back to 1998, and a few only back to 2004. Most titles are available back to 2000 or 2001. You can perform general keyword searching using the search box at the upper right of the BioOne home page, or you can click on "Advanced Search" (immediately below the basic search boxes) to search on specific fields (title or author, e.g.) You can also limit your search to a specific publications or a range of years. It is possible to browse the journal title list, or to browse the table of contents of a specific journal issue by clicking on "Browse" on the menu bar at the top of the page. You can obtain search help by either selecting "Searching" from the Help options, or by clicking on "Search Tips" at the top of the Advanced Search screen BioOne includes the following open access titles: The Arabidopsis Book, Florida Entomologist, and Journal of Insect Science. Available only to CCNY students, faculty, and staff.
http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/Menu.html
Cell Press publishes 10 highly-regarded molecular biology journals. Indexing and abstracting is available for all of them, with full text available for 7 (Cell, Chemistry and Biology, Current Biology, Immunity, Molecular Cell, Neuron, and Structure) from 1995 to present. All of Cell Press titles are scholarly, peer-reviewed journals and are oriented primarily toward senior or higher academic level students and researchers, but each issue of the journals includes a few review articles that might be appropriate for use by lower level undergraduates., unless the journal started publication subsequent to 1995. In order to search, you must select a specific title, then click on "Search" at the top of the page, unless you specify otherwise by selecting additional titles from the title list below the search. Available only to CCNY students, faculty, and staff.
http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/Menu.html
Free Medical Journals, an open access digital archive offers journals indexed by specialty and language (English, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, and others). Free to the general public.
http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/
Internet Scientific Publications (ISPUB) currently publishes as open access 62 medical online journals. Some titles of interest to you. Free to the general public.
http://www.ispub.com/
Nature Journals is a database providing access to the full content, from 1997 to the present, of the premier science journal Nature, as well as the following 11 additional journals published by Nature: Nature Biotechnology, Nature Cell Biology, Nature Genetics, Nature Immunology, Nature Medicine, Nature Neuroscience, Nature Reviews Cancer, Nature Reviews Immunology, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, and Nature Structural and Molecular Biology. Availability varies by journal. A few titles can be viewed back to 1996, and a few only back to 2004. Most titles are available back to 2000 or 2001. Together with peer-reviewed primary research articles, these journals include science news, opinion pieces, and reviews of books, web sites, and scientific instruments. Dozens of other Nature journals can also be searched for bibliographic references. Available only to CCNY students, faculty, and staff.
http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/Menu.html
PubMed Central (PMC) is a digital archive of life sciences journal literature developed and managed by NIH's National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), at the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Free to the general public.
http://www.pubmedcentral.org/
Public Library of Science (PLoS) publishes peer-reviewed, open access, scientific and medical journals, of the highest quality. The titles are: PLoS Biology, PLoS Medicine, PLoS Computational Biology, PLoS Genetics, PLoS Pathogens, and PLoS Clinical Trials. Free to the general public.
http://www.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=index-html
Electronic Books
Accompanying Websites of Biology Textbooks, from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, provides links to materials designed to accompany specific biology texts, such as study guides, a companion websites, sample chapters, illustrations, or animated tutorials
http://teachline.ls.huji.ac.il/general/textbooks-sites.htm
Anatomy of the Human Body 20th ed. Gray, Henry. 1918. This classic book features 1,247 vibrant engravings-many in color.
http://www.bartleby.com/107/
Atlases of the Brain was developed by Dr. Suzanne Stensaas, Knowledge Weavers Project, and University of Utah. Note: This website has been designed for use with newer browser versions of 5.0 or greater, and you MUST have Java enabled or Java installed for this site to work properly.
http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/brain_atlas/
FreeBooks4Doctors! Medical in orientation, this site has 650 books sorted by medical specialty.
http://www.freebooks4doctors.com/index.htm
Online Neuropathology Atlas from the Department of Neurology, University Medical School, Debrecen, Hungary, has images of cerebrovascular, neoplastic, degenerative, and developmental diseases.
http://www.neuropat.dote.hu/atlas.html
National Academies Press The publishing arm of the U.S. National Academies; publishes mostly science and technology policy documents. Materials related to the biological sciences can be found by selecting the appropriate term in Topics list on the left side of screen (Biology and Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition, or Health and Medicine). Full text of nearly all of their publications can be viewed online. Once you have located the document of interest, use the "Read it Online FREE!" link to view the text.
http://www.nap.edu/
NCBI Handbook. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI); updated 2003 April. It is also accessible through the Entrez database BookShelf. Written by the NCBI staff, the handbook covers all aspects of the online tools and databases, with detailed supporting information. It is structured to be both a comprehensive learning tool and an invaluable quick-reference for all researchers and scientists.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=handbook.TOC&depth=2
Virtual Hospital: Multimedia Textbooks is a digital health sciences library, which may be used to answer
patient care questions, thus putting the latest medical information at physicians’ fingertips. The books are authored, and peer-reviewed by academic experts at the University of Iowa.
http://www.janela1.com/vh/docs/v0000051.htm
Multidisciplinary Science Journal Collections
ScienceDirect is a database of all the materials published Elsevier and its affiliates, consisting of over 1800 journal and book titles. All subject areas are covered, but more science and engineering titles are available because of Elsevier's publishing focus. Over 1000 journals of the 1800 searchable titles are available as full text. Available only to CUNY students, faculty, and staff.
http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/Menu.html
SpringerLink is a database providing indexing and abstracting for over 2,400 scholarly journals and magazines. Full text articles are available for nearly 300 of these titles. Available only to CUNY students, faculty, and staff.
http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/library/Menu.html
Go to: Article and Full-Text Databases
Go to: Table of Contents
Bacteria (Kingdom)
Bacteria – DSMZ /Bacterial Nomenclature Up-to-Date is a directory of all bacterial names which have been validly published since January 1 1980 and nomenclatural changes which have been validly published since. It will be updated with the publication of each new issue of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM). From DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH. Contributes to the Catalog of Life.
http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/main.php?contentleft_id=14
BiologyBrowser: Bacteria. A searchable collection of bacteria-related sites, assembled by Thomson Scientific/BIOSIS.
http://www.biologybrowser.org/bb/Organism/Bacteria/index.shtml
CELLS alive! provides a visual, interactive tour of cells, bacteria, viruses and their interaction. It includes: Movies of living cells, Cell models, Mitosis, Cell cycle, Movement of substances across cell membranes, Apoptosis, Enhancing micrographs, and Phagocytosis. In addition, it is possible to purchase the Cells Alive CD from this site which is designed for school and teacher use and can be incorporated into PowerPoint lectures. This resource has been created by James A. Sullivan in 1994, and has been updated annually. To search for a specific topic you can click on the first letter of the alphabetized index, or scroll through it.
http://www.cellsalive.com/toc.htm
micro*scope is a gateway of information about micro-organisms (bacteria, algae, protozoa and other protists). It contains images of microbes and descriptions of microbes, and provides access to related resources Images and related resources are provided (link outs). You can browse alphabetically or by categories (geography, habitat, historical documents, electron micrographs images, or research groups)
http://starcentral.mbl.edu/microscope/portal.php?pagetitle=index
See also:
Cyanobacteria
Microbiology, Bacteriology & Virology
Parasitic Protozoa
Prokaryotes
Go to: Bacteria (Kingdom)
Go to: Table of Contents
Biochemistry & Biophysics
Signaling Gateway is a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in signal transduction. This Gateway represents a unique collaboration between The Signaling Gateway, a comprehensive and free online resource that is the result of a collaboration between the Alliance for Cellular Signaling (AfCS) and Nature Publishing Group, designed to facilitate navigation of the complex world of research into cellular signaling. The highlight of this site is the "Molecule Pages: A comprehensive signaling database" of all significant published qualitative and quantitative information on cell signaling proteins (http://www.signaling-gateway.org/molecule/). Although the emphasis is on mouse, a wide range of orthologs will be covered. Please note: Access to this database is free, but you must register first. "Signaling Update" provides a one-stop overview of the latest and hottest research in cell signaling for both the specialist and non-specialist alike. Signaling Update is updated weekly, presenting accessible digests of the current signaling literature with links to primary research papers, as well as bringing you signaling related news, jobs and conference details.
http://www.signaling-gateway.org/
BioChemWeb.org: Virtual Library of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology is a gateway to online resources in biochemistry, molecular and cell biology and related fields, indexed by subject with annotated links. While many of the resources listed on these pages are for scientists or advanced students, there are also resources labeled as "Beginner's Level", which require little or no background. The subjects covered are extensive: angiogenesis, apoptosis, carbohydrates, cell adhesion and ECM, cell cycle, cell senescence, chemical biology, cytoskeleton and motility, development, enzymes, genes, lipids and membranes, metabolism, microscopy, organelles, proteins signaling, structural biology, and systems biology. categories of resources include: overviews, tutorials, web directories and gateways, dictionaries, books, atlases and images, teaching materials, research groups, databases and tools, methods, software, journals, career and funding, organizations and meetings, and discussion groups. This site is maintained by Gabriel Fenteany Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago. You can search using keywords, or browse by subject or type of resource.
http://www.biochemweb.org/
Biophysical Society: Educational Resources. This site provides a good description of the field and a selection of websites containing information about education and career opportunities. Biophysics is divided into three parts or topic areas: molecular structures, biophysical techniques, and biological mechanisms. Each topic area has an annotated list of specific resources, available as text files or web sites. A selection of websites containing information about the history of selected topics or personalities in biophysics and related disciplines, are also provided.
http://www.biophysics.org/education/
Brenda is a comprehensive database of enzymes maintained by the Institute of Biochemistry at the University of Cologne, Germany. Search using the enzyme EC number, the enzyme name and the organism name. A search can also be conducted based on either the taxonomy tree of the organism in which the enzyme is present or the EC tree of the enzyme.
http://www.brenda.uni-koeln.de/
MolviZ.Org: Molecular Visualization Resources brings together molecular visualization resources with and about Chime, RasMol (free browser plug-in that renders molecular structures in 3-D) and other means of visualizing macromolecular structures. These include interactive tutorials, software for molecular exploration, and an atlas with images and descriptions of selected macromolecules. You need to download and install Chime and RasMol, and Netscape 4.8 on your computer to see the tutorials. Links to other resources, are also provided. Please note: This site requires free Chime Software.
MolviZ.Org/
Power of Green: Photosynthesis and the Web This site is an updated (2006) electronic version of an article that was published several years ago. It is an annotated webliography of sites concerned with photosynthesis, and is maintained by Larry Orr and Govindjee, the authors of the original article. Please note: this web site is currently undergoing revision
http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/photoweb/default.html
PubChem Project contains chemical structures of small organic molecules and information on their biological activities. PubChem includes substance information, compound structures, and bioactivity data in three primary databases, PCSubstance, PCCompound, and PCBioAssay, respectively. PubChem is integrated with Entrez, NCBI's primary search engine, and also provides compound neighboring, sub/superstructure, similarity structure, bioactivity data, and other searching features.
Science Niche: Biochemistry Guide is a science directory with links to lecture notes, tutorials, dictionaries, primers and other resources for teachers and students.
http://scienceniche.com/science/biochemistry.cfm
World Index of Molecular Visualization Resources has hundreds of resources assembled by Eric Martz and Trevor D Kramer. Categories include: biochemical structure tutorials, non-English resources, how to create new tutorials with chime, galleries of molecular images, physical molecular models, free molvis software, commercial molvis software, where to get molecules, organic chemistry tutorials, inorganic/crystal tutorials, and others. Please note: Many of these resources can not be viewed unless you have the required software (MDL Chime and other free plug-ins) and a compatible browser, (Netscape 4.8, Netscape 7:0 or others). Please note: This site requires free Chime Software.
http://www.molvisindex.org/
See also:
Cell & Molecular Biology
Instrumentation & Laboratory Methods
Go to: Biochemistry & Biophysics
Go to: Table of Contents
Bioethics
ActionBioscience.org is a non-commercial, educational web site created to promote bioscience literacy by examining issues that will show how developments in bioscience research can affect everyone. Intended audience is the concerned public, educators, students, and science professionals. This site provides peer-reviewed articles and links on several topics: biodiversity, environment, biotechnology, genomics, evolution, new frontiers, and education. Maintained by the American Institute of Biological Sciences.
http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/index.html
Altweb: Global Clearinghouse for Alternatives to Animal Testing is a directory to alternatives news, information, and education and research resources on the Internet and beyond. Subjects covered include: Anesthesia and Analgesia for most commonly used laboratory animals (search Altweb Pain Management Database), Humane Endpoints (search Humane Endpoints Database); Alternatives to the use of live vertebrates in biomedical research and testing (search ALTBIB Database, other resources), Monoclonal Antibodies, Transgenics, Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) and other animal ethics regulators, and many more. Type of resources include an acronyms directory, databases, glossary, regulations, journal, books, reports, newsletters, proceedings, news, animal use statistics, etc. Maintained by the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT)
http://altweb.jhsph.edu/
bioethics.net is a directory of information about bioethics. It is the most-utilized and most advanced, bioethics resource on the Internet. The site's mission is to provide the clinical, legal, academic, scientific, religious, and community at large with a rapid but comprehensive debate on issues in bioethics. This site is linked to American Journal of Bioethics (AJOB). You only have access to abstracts. FEATURES section provides bioethics for beginners resources, MSNBC commentaries, bioethics on NBC’s ER television series, and articles on genetics and bioethics. ARTICLES topics include: AIDS/HIV, Bioethics, biotechnology, bioterrorism, cloning, end-of-life issues, genetically modified organism, health care issues, genetics, genetics, human research/subjects, neuroethics, nanotechnology, organ transplants/ donation, reproductive medicine, research ethics, and stem cell research. The website also provides information about bioethics jobs, news, the current and upcoming activities and projects, the bioethicists who challenge public thought about current issues, and numerous links to other bioethics sites and search tools to aid the 'surfer' through an ever-expanding collection of health and bioethics related material. Please note few inactive links present in this site.
http://www.bioethics.net/
CloneSafety.org, sponsored by animal cloning and livestock genetics companies, in cooperation with the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), provides information on the facts of animal cloning.
http://www.clonesafety.org/
Genethics.ca edited by Bryn Williams-Jones, Center for Applied Ethics, at University of British Columbia, serves as a clearinghouse for information on the social, ethical and policy issues associated with genetic knowledge and technology. This site organizes a diversity of web resources (websites, online articles, position statements, etc.) on genetics and ethics by topic (e.g. non-fiction, fiction and movies, cloning, genetic testing, DNA banking, patenting, eugenics, GMOs, human research, law, stem cells, etc.) Under the "People and Places" category you find a comprehensive international list (sorted by country) of research centers, public action groups, and government bodies involved in the study or discussion of issues broadly related to genetics and ethics. There are links to news resources, conferences and workshops, journals (with abstracts), and discussion groups.
http://www.genethics.ca/index.html
The Hastings Center is a privately funded major bioethics institute, carrying out bioethics research in several areas. Summaries of research projects are available online; in many cases, the full report is also available.
http://www.thehastingscenter.org/
Human Genome Project Information: Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI), from U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science covers many issues including: privacy and legislation, gene testing, patenting, forensics, genetically modified foods/ organisms, behavioral genetics, genetics in the courtroom, minorities, race, and genetics, and cloning.
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml
Online Ethics Center for Engineering and Science: Ethics in the Biological Sciences, at Case Western Reserve University provides resources covering specific issues in the responsible conduct of research of special interest to the biological sciences.
http://onlineethics.org/biology/index.html
PubMed: Bioethics Subset is an easy-to-use search limiter designed to help users focus PubMed search results on bioethical issues. The Bioethics Subset is based on a pre-built strategy that looks for journals commonly publishing articles on bioethics. Enter your search into the search box. Then click on the Limits tab under the search box and select Bioethics in the Subset box. Click on Go to run your search.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed
Transgenic Crops: An Introduction and Resource Guide, from Colorado State provides balanced information and links to other resources on the technology and issues surrounding transgenic crops (also known as genetically modified or GM crops). The site's authors are engaged in plant genetics research and teaching at Colorado State University. Topics include: what are transgenic plants?, how do you make transgenic plants?, evaluation and regulation, current transgenic products, future transgenic products, and risks and concerns, news, history of plant breeding, glossary and more.
http://cls.casa.colostate.edu/TransgenicCrops/index.html
UNESCO’s Global Ethics Observatory (GEObs) is a system of databases of all currently available resources on applied ethics in science and technology worldwide, such as environmental ethics, science ethics, and technology ethics.
Your Genes, Your Choices describes the Human Genome Project, the science behind it, and the ethical, legal, and social issues that are raised by the project. This book was written as part of the Science Literacy for Health project of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). It is a bit old (1999), but is still an excellent resource.
http://ehrweb.aaas.org/ehr/books/index.html
See also:
History and Philosophy of Biology
Go to: Bioethics
Go to: Table of Contents
Bioinformatics
Biology WorkBench from the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) enables access to a wide variety of analysis and modeling tools, simultaneous search across several databases for a single object and an operating system interface for seamless computing across platforms, all within a point and click interface that eliminates file format compatibility problems. Analysis and modeling tools are grouped into the following categories: proteins tools, nucleic tools, alignment tools, and structure tools. The Workbench is a computational interface and environment that permits anybody with a web browser to readily use bioinformatics for research, teaching, or learning. Please note: First time users must register for a free account to gain access.
http://workbench.sdsc.edu/
Bioinformatics.Net – Bioinformatics, Genomics, Proteomics, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Directory is an advertising-supported catalog of online biological sciences information, specializing in bioinformatics tools. It serves the needs of molecular biologists and other biological scientists working in scientific research, including biotechnology and medicine, in both industry and academia. It also provides a forum with questions and comments from members, news, a career center, and book reviews from members.
http://www.bioinformatics.vg/index.shtml
Bioinformatics World, developed by Herbert Mayer, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, provides over 600 databases and tools in an integrated manner, to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate resource. Resources are described, evaluated, compared, and if similar categorized together in the Main Index (e.g. literature browsers, patent databases, translation, promoter prediction etc.). This site has also an alphabetical list of resources, which is linked to the Main Index.
http://homepage.univie.ac.at/herbert.mayer/index.html
Biological Informatics by Marcus P. Zillman is a resource directory with links to relevant sites in health informatics, neuroinformatics, biodiversity informatics and biomolecular informatics.
http://www.biologicalinformatics.info/
Biomedical Research and Informatics brings together many resources from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) website for easy access to information, such as PubMed, PubMed Central, NLM Gateway, Computational Molecular Biology databases and tools, Visible Human Project, Digital Library Research and Initiatives, Communications Engineering, Telemedicine, and Next Generation Networking.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/biomedical.html
Comprehensive Microbial Resource (CMR) is an annotated database that allows the researcher to access all the publicly available, bacterial genome sequences completed to date. To get to the tools available on the CMR click on the menu options in the lower right hand corner of the header at the top of the page. Each menu option takes you to a listing of the tools available under that main category. To go to a genome page select a genome from the genome menu at the lower right hand corner of this page. Made available on the Web by the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR)
http://cmr.tigr.org/
Dictionary of Homologous Superfamilies (DHS) provides both structural and functional annotations of domains within each H-level (superfamily) in CATH. CATH Protein Structure Classification CATH is a novel hierarchical classification of protein domain structures, which clusters proteins at four major levels, Class(C), Architecture(A), Topology(T) and Homologous superfamily (H). Information and links to other functional databases (ENZYME, GO, KEGG, COG, SWISSPROT) are also included for all domains in the superfamily as well as sequence relatives.
http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/dhs/
DrugBank from the University of Alberta is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics database. DrugBank combines detailed drug (i.e. chemical, pharmacological and pharmaceutical) data with comprehensive drug target (i.e. sequence, structure, pathway) information. The database contains nearly 4100 drug entries including >700 FDA-approved small molecule drugs, 110 FDA-approved biotech (protein/peptide) drugs, >100 nutraceuticals and >3200 experimental drugs. Additionally, more than 15,000 protein (i.e. drug target) sequences are linked to these drug entries. DrugBank provides more than 80 data fields for each drug, including brand names, chemical structures, protein and DNA sequences, links to relevant Internet sites, prescription information, and detailed patient information. Combined with Drug Bank’s visualization software, these tools allow scientists to easily search for new drug targets, to compare drug structures, study drug mechanisms, and discover new drug leads.
http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugbank/
European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) toolbox area provides a comprehensive range of tools for the field of bioinformatics. These are subdivided into categories in the left menu for convenience: (i) similarity searches; (ii) protein function analysis; (iii) sequence analysis; (iv) structural analysis and (v) miscellaneous.
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/
ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) is the proteomics server of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). ExPASy provides one the best annotated protein databases and provides many valuable protein analysis tools. Tools are introduced for protein identification and characterization from amino acid composition, fingerprint mass spectroscopy and other mass spectroscopy techniques. Also included in this module is an introduction to profile and pattern searches, tools for predictions of post-translational protein modifications, tools for protein topology prediction, primary structure analysis, secondary structure prediction and tertiary structure prediction and visualization.
http://www.expasy.org/
Genome Information Broker (GIB) is a data retrieval and comparative analysis system for completed microbial genomes. GIB allows users to retrieve and display partial and/or whole genome sequences together with the relevant biological annotation. GIB has accumulated all completed microbial genomes and has been expanded to include selected eukaryote species, and Archaea. Made available on the Web by the National Institute of Genetics, Japan.
http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/
GOLD: Genomes OnLine Database provides comprehensive access to information regarding complete and ongoing genome projects around the world. GOLD provides the largest available and most detailed monitoring of genome sequencing projects.
http://www.genomesonline.org/
Human Genome Project Information site is established and maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. It is a suite of web sites, providing extensive information about this large scientific undertaking, including description, goals, timeline, budget research funding, benefits, ethical, legal, and social issues, publications, teachers materials, tutorials, presentations, and research projects.
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml
Human Genome Resource, from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) serves as an integrated, one-stop, genomic information infrastructure for biomedical researchers from around the world so that they may use these data in their research efforts. Through this interactive Web site, you may view and explore NCBI's assembled and annotated version of the human genome:
- Chromosome by chromosome. Click on the chromosome, to show genes, clones, physical maps, Linkage maps or variation, or
- Search for biologically important regions of the genomic sequence in one of the Entrez’s databases: Genome, GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) GEO Datasets, HomoloGene, etc.
You can then apply one of NCBI's sophisticated software tools, such as BLAST, Electronic PCR etc. You have on this web site access to NCBI Handbook’s chapters that refer to human genome resources, to guide you along.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/human/
Jena Image Library of Biological Macromolecules (JenaLib) is aimed at a better dissemination of information on three-dimensional biopolymer structures with an emphasis on visualization and analysis. It provides access to all structure entries deposited at the Protein Data Bank (PDB) or at the Nucleic Acid Database (NDB). In addition, basic information on the architecture of biopolymer structures is available. Maintained by Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMB), Jena, Germany
http://www.imb-jena.de/IMAGE.html
Sequence – Evolution – Function: Computational Approaches in Comparative Genomics, by Koonin, E.; V. Galperin; and Michael Y. (2003). This book provides the reader with an understanding of the principles and approaches of functional genomics and of the potential and limitations of computational and experimental approaches to genome analysis. The book is non-technical with respect to the computer methods for genome analysis and discusses these methods from the user's viewpoint, without addressing mathematical and algorithmic details. Prior practical familiarity with the basic methods for sequence analysis is a major advantage, but a reader without such experience will be able to use the book as an introduction to these methods. It is assessable through Entrez database Bookshelf.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=sef.TOC&depth=1
KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes is a suite of databases and associated software for systematic analysis of gene functions, linking genomic information with higher order functional information. The genomic information is stored in the GENES database, which is a collection of gene catalogs for all the completely sequenced genomes and some partial genomes with up-to-date annotation of gene functions. The higher order functional information is stored in the PATHWAY database, which contains graphical representations of cellular processes, such as metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and cell cycle. The PATHWAY database is supplemented by a set of orthology group tables for the information about conserved subpathways (pathway motifs), which are often encoded by positionally coupled genes on the chromosome and which are especially useful in predicting gene functions. A third database in KEGG is LIGAND database for the information about chemical compounds, enzyme molecules and enzymatic reactions. KEGG provides Java graphics tools for browsing genome maps, comparing two genome maps and manipulating expression maps, as well as computational tools for sequence comparison, graph comparison and path computation. This site is part of the research projects in the Kanehisa Laboratory of Kyoto University Bioinformatics Center. Please note: DBGET is linked with KEGG
http://www.genome.jp/kegg/
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine was established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular biology information. NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information – all for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease. ENTREZ is a searching and retrieval system for the databases maintained by the NCBI.
Nucleotides Databases:
Gene Expression Database:
Protein Databases:
Structure Database:
Taxonomy Database:
Organelle Genome Database (GOBASE) is a taxonomically broad organelle genome database that organizes and integrates diverse data related to organelles and chloroplasts. GOBASE is currently expanding to include information on representative bacteria that are thought to be specifically related to the bacterial ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts. From Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal. Please note: Some links to additional resources are not working. (Release 14, December 2005)
http://gobase.bcm.umontreal.ca/
Nature Omics Gateway covers the emerging fields of large-scale, data-rich biology subfields designated by the suffix "-omics". This website provides selective full text articles from Nature journals (full text available only by susbscription). Browse papers by organisms, using the "Tree of Life" point-and-click graphic, or by topic, such as cancer genomics, chemical genomics, comparative, evolutionary and population genomics, epigenomics, genetics of gene expression, genome sequence and analysis, glycomics, metabolomics/nomics, pharmacogenomics, proteomics, systems biology, techniques and methods, and transcriptomics. Funded by Applied Biosystems.
http://www.nature.com/omics/index.html
Society for Neuroscience (SfN) Neuroscience Database Gateway (NDG) is a gateway to more than 100 neuroinformatics resources, arranged in five domains: Databases of experimental data, Knowledge bases, Software tools for neuroscience, Bioinformatics resources, Providers of research materials, and all Neuroscience databases. You can search based on type of database (software tools, experimental data, or knowledge bases), database fields (including species, clinical conditions, supporting agencies, and categories), or conduct a more advanced search using a variety of topics and keywords. Please note: although there is no indication when links have last been checked, this site appears well maintained.
http://ndg.sfn.org/
WWW Virtual Library (VL). The Databases and Bioinformatics and Genomics and Proteomics sections of this site are comprehensive directories of databases, organizations and research sites, bioinformatics software, and other useful resources. Topics covered include: genomics, proteomics, drug development, common protein domains and families, and many more.
http://www.cato.com/biotech/index.html
WormBase, established by an international consortium of biologists and computer scientists, is a database for information about Caenorhabditis elegans and related nematodes, which are studied as model organisms for molecular genetics and bioinformatics, physiology, development, and several other topics in biology.
http://www.wormbase.org/
See also:
Biochemistry & Biophysics
Cell & Molecular Biology
Genetics
Instrumentation & Laboratory Methods
Go to: Bioinformatics
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Birds (Aves)
Animal Diversity Web: Class Aves functions like a natural history encyclopedia offering information about the structure and classification of birds, basic concepts of ecology and evolutionary biology. Brief reports are provided on dozens of birds. The information provided includes: diversity, habitat, systematic and taxonomic history, physical description, development, reproduction, behavior, etc. Also available for some entries are sounds and pictures specimens. Each entry includes several references. This site is maintaned University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Aves.html
BirdNet is a gateway of ornithological information offered by the Ornithological Council, which is comprised of ten North American professional ornithological societies. Icons of and links to each organization are provided. The site is intended to provide information to professional ornithologists and to members of the general public interested in learning more about both the scientific study of birds and the application of information from that study to conservation and other problems affecting or associated with birds.
http://www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET/index.html
Ornithological Worldwide Literature (OWL) is a database of citations and abstracts from the worldwide scientific literature that pertain to the science of ornithology. A major attraction is its coverage of the 'grey' literature, which are not abstracted by commercial databases such as Zoological Record or the Science Citation Index. OWL deals chiefly with serial publications such as periodicals but also announces new and renamed journals and provides abstracts of other serial publications, conference proceedings, reports, and doctoral dissertations. Papers dealing exclusively with domestic and pet birds and their husbandry are excluded unless they are applicable to non-domestic birds. OWL is a joint effort between the American Ornithologists' Union and the British Ornithologists' Union and Birds Australia.
http://egizoosrv.zoo.ox.ac.uk/owl/default.htm
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SORA: Searchable Ornithological Research Archive, is a searchable full-text database of seven ornithological publications: Auk (1884-1999); Condor (1899-2000), Journal of Field Ornithology (1930-1999), Pacific Coast Avifauna (1900-1974), Studies in Avian Biology (1978-1999), and Wilson Bulletin (1889-1999). Also available for browsing only are the journals California Birds (1970-1972), Western Birds (1973-2004), Ornithological Monographs (1965-2005), and Ornitologia Neotropical (1990-2002). Full text can be viewed using either the Acrobat or DejaVu viewers.
http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/
See also:
Dictionaries & Taxonomies
General & Multidisciplinary Biology
Zoology
Go to: Birds (Aves)
Go to: Table of Contents
Carnivorous Plants
Carnivorous Plants Online has information and photographs of many carnivorous plants from around the world.
http://botany.org/carnivorous_plants/
International Carnivorous Plant Society (ICPS) is an organization of horticulturists, conservationists, scientists, and educators all interested in sharing knowledge and news of carnivorous plants. The site includes links to newsletters, a carnivorous plant database, a carnivorous plant web ring, and other useful sites.
http://www.carnivorousplants.org/index.html
Carnivorous Plant Database provides nomenclature synopses, pictures, FAQs on carnivorous plants, links to carnivorous plant societies, a plant trading post and links to other carnivorous plant pages.
http://www.omnisterra.com/bot/cp_home.cgi
See also:
Agriculture & Botany
Dictionaries & Taxonomies
General & Multidisciplinary Biology
Go to: Carnivorous Plants
Go to: Table of Contents
Cell & Molecular Biology
BioChemWeb.org: Virtual Library of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology is a gateway to online resources in biochemistry, molecular and cell biology and related fields, indexed by subject with annotated links. While many of the resources listed on these pages are for scientists or advanced students, there are also resources labeled as "Beginner's Level", which require little or no background. The subjects covered are extensive: angiogenesis, apoptosis, carbohydrates, cell adhesion and ECM, cell cycle, cell senescence, chemical biology, cytoskeleton and motility, development, enzymes, genes, lipids and membranes, metabolism, microscopy, organelles, proteins signaling, structural biology, and systems biology. Categories of resources include: overviews, tutorials, web directories and gateways, dictionaries, books, atlases and images, teaching materials, research groups, databases and tools, methods, software, journals, career and funding, organizations and meetings, and discussion groups. This site is maintained by Gabriel Fenteany Ph.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago. You can search using keywords, or browse by subject or type of resource.
http://www.biochemweb.org/general.shtml
Cell and Molecular Biology Online (CMBO) is a directory of online resources for students and researchers. This site is organized into broad sections: Research, Education, Communication, and Random. Each section contains lists of categorized links to resources specific to that subject. Under "Research – we recommend" section there are links to sites that are useful, such as antibody information, model organism resources, etc. The "Research – current research" section highlights laboratory home pages that describe the ongoing research projects of particular research groups. The "Research – methods and protocols" section lists research technique protocols. The "Research – online courses and textbooks" section highlights on-line courses, and on-line textbooks. The "Communication" section has career resources, professional societies, conferences, and grant information. The "Education" section provides links to General biology resources, On-line courses, Classic textbooks, Images, and interesting links directly relevant to cell and molecular biology research. You will also find here links that cover many other interesting aspects of biology, such as evolution, paleontology, infectious diseases, and botany. The "Random" section includes FAQs, and other materials. This web site is maintained by Pamela Ganon. This website has only browsable capabilities.
http://www.cellbio.com/index.html
CELLS alive! provides a visual, interactive tour of cells, bacteria, viruses and their interaction. It includes: movies of living cells, cell models, mitosis, cell cycle, movement of substances across cell membranes, apoptosis, enhancing micrographs, and phagocytosis. In addition, it is possible to purchase the Cells Alive CD from this site which is designed for school and teacher use and can be incorporated into PowerPoint lectures. This resource has been created by James A. Sullivan in 1994, and has been updated annually. To search for a specific topic you can click on the first letter of the alphabetized index, or scroll through it.
http://www.cellsalive.com/
DBGET: Web of Molecular Biology Databases is a simple database retrieval system to search and extract entries from a number of biochemistry/ genetics/ protein databases. The following databases are included and searchable using this retrieval system: GenBank (nucleic acid sequence database); EMBL (nucleic acid sequence database); SWISS-PROT (protein sequence database); PIR (protein sequence database); PRF (protein sequence database); LITDB (PRF protein/peptide literature database); PDB (Brookhaven Protein Data Bank); PDBSTR (Re-organized Protein Data Bank); PROSITE (Dictionary of protein sites and patterns); LIGAND (Ligand chemical database for enzyme reactions); PMD (Protein Mutant Database); AA-Index (Amino Acid index database); and, OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). Maintained by Kyoto University Bioinformatics Center. Please note: No dead links, although last updated: September 1, 2004.
http://www.genome.jp/dbget/dbget.links.html
Nature Reviews – Molecular Cell Biology: Recommended links is a collection of Internet resources in the following subjects: conferences, technology and techniques, cell adhesion, cell death, cell growth and division, cell signalling, cellular microbiology, chromosome biology, cytoskeleton, developmental biology, gene expression, lipids, membranes and membrane traffic, metabolic pathways, nuclear structure and transport, nucleic-acid metabolism, protein structure and metabolism.
http://www.nature.com/nrm/info/info_links.html
See also:
Biochemistry & Biophysics
Bioinformatics
Genetics
Instrumentation & Laboratory Methods
Go to: Cell & Molecular Biology
Go to: Table of Contents
Cyanobacteria (Blue-green Algae)
Cyanosite: A Webserver for Cyanobacterial Research is a directory to cyanobacterial sites on the Internet, such as scientific societies, journals, images and cyanobacteria bibliography.
http://www-cyanosite.bio.purdue.edu/index.html
Introduction to the Cyanobacteria contains information on the fossil record, life history, ecology, systematics, and morphology. From University of California Museum of Paleontology.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/cyanointro.html
See also:
Bacteria
Prokaryotes
Microbiology, Bacteriology & Virology
Go to: Cyanobacteria (Blue-green Algae)
Go to: Table of Contents
Developmental Biology and Evolution
Alfred Russell Wallace Page is dedicated to the life and work of the English naturalist who, independently of Darwin, developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. This site is maintained by Charles H. Smith, Professor and Science Librarian at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green.
http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/index1.htm
Animal Diversity Web functions like a natural history encyclopedia offering information about the structure and classification of animals, basic concepts of ecology and evolutionary biology. Brief reports are provided on dozens of animals, such as mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, sharks, bony fish, mollusks, arthropods, echinoderms. The information provided includes: diversity, habitat, systematic and taxonomic history, physical description, development, reproduction, behavior, etc. Also available for some entries are sounds and pictures specimens. Each entry includes several references. This site is maintaned University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
Biodiversity and Conservation: A Hypertext Book, by Peter J. Bryant, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine (2002). Chapters cover history of life, the age of mammals, extinction and depletion from over-exploitation, whaling and fishing, over-exploitation threatening living species, global patterns of biodiversity, values of biodiversity, endangered species protection, exotic introductions, forests and deforestation, endangered aquatic habitats, islands, protected areas, habitat pollution, captive breeding and reintroduction, and human population growth.
http://www.dbc.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/Titlpage.htm
BiologyBrowser, produced by BIOSIS, is a gateway for Internet resources in life sciences. BiologyBrowser provides proprietary resources, such as "The Nomenclature Glossary for Zoology", and "Zoological Record Thesaurus", as well as resources collected from outside sources. Search and Browse for information by geography, organisms, and subject.
Biodiversity Resources include: Global networks, Museum and University Biodiversity Centers, National networks, Regional networks, Browse for information in the life sciences by geography, organisms, and subject. Species counts, and full-text documents (articles, reports, etc)
http://www.biologybrowser.org/bb/Subject/Biodiversity/index.shtml
Evolution Resources include: Full-text documents (articles, reports, etc), Journals, and Phylogeny sites.
http://www.biologybrowser.org/bb/Subject/Evolution/index.shtml
Biology Links: Evolution is a directory of resources, from Harvard University, which includes links to Internet resources, such as general evolution resources, journals, software, academic departments and laboratories, organizations, museums and exhibits, collections, molecular evolution, phylogenetics, systematics, and taxonomy.
http://mcb.harvard.edu/BioLinks/Evolution.html
Evolution Resources from the National Academies provide easy access to full-text books, position statements, and additional resources on evolution education and research. These materials have been produced by the National Academies and other sources. Read the full text of these materials online, free of charge.
http://nationalacademies.org/evolution/
Intelligent Design? is a special report reprinted from Natural History magazine, April 2002 issue. Natural History magazine is the voice of The American Museum of Natural History. Three proponents of Intelligent Design (ID) present their views of design in the natural world. Each view is immediately followed by a response from a proponent of evolution (EVO). The report, printed in its entirety, opens with an introduction by Natural History magazine and concludes with an overview of the ID movement.
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/nhmag.html
Interactive Fly is an excellent, general informational resource for Drosophila designed to showcase Drosophila genes and their roles in development. Genes are organized three ways: alphabetically, by biochemical function, and by developmental function. Each gene's page begins with summary information and a FlyBase ID, followed by a biological overview, and then sections on gene structure, protein structure, regulation, developmental biology, and finally a list of references. In addition to the genetic information, there are sections on tissue and organ development, and morphogenesis. Produced by Dr. Thomas Brody, Society for Developmental Biology, the site undergoes frequent revision.
http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/aimain/1aahome.htm
National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) Biodiversity provides access to Internet sites that provide information on genetic diversity, species diversity, ecological diversity, and geopolitical perspectives. Below are description of specific sections of the site.
http://www.nbii.gov/issues/biodiversity/
Biodiversity: Collections are the assemblages of organisms, both living and dead, that are organized and curated by scientists to provide the formal documentation of the world's known biodiversity. They include museums, zoos, arboreta, botanical gardens and private and public research collections used by scientists to more fully understand and document the variability of the earth's biodiversity. Resources are organized by type or focus, such as museums and collections, natural history museums, botany collections, entomology (insect) collections, herpetology (amphibian and reptile) collections, ichthyology (fish) collections, mammal collections, ornithology (bird) collections, and vertebrate and invertebrate collections.
http://www.nbii.gov/datainfo/syscollect/by_type/all_resources.php
Biodiversity: Ecological and Ecosystem gives links to numerous websites that characterize and give examples of the diversity of ecosystems and the ever-present diversity of biotic and abiotic relationships inherent in our biosphere.
http://www.nbii.gov/issues/biodiversity/ecological.html
Biodiversity: General: A collection of general sites on biodiversity.
http://www.nbii.gov/issues/biodiversity/general.html
Biodiversity: Genetic Diversity: lists many of the most important National and International website links that give the user fast comprehensive access to information and data on the genetic diversity of the biosphere.
http://www.nbii.gov/issues/biodiversity/genetic.html
Biodiversity: Geopolitical Perspectives provides links to numerous sites, both U.S. and International, that give a geographic or political unit focus to biological diversity. These links include websites with biodiversity information at international, regional, state and local scales.
http://www.nbii.gov/issues/biodiversity/geopolitical.html
Biodiversity: Species Diversity gives the visitor a taste of the tremendous variability of life, linking to selected WWW sites that emphasize brief descriptions and images of the wide assortment of life to be discovered within the biosphere. Resources are organized according to kingdom: all biota, viruses, protists, fungi, plants, animals.
http://www.nbii.gov/issues/biodiversity/species.html
Biodiversity: Systematics, or taxonomy, is the branch of biological sciences that deals with identification, description, naming and classification of the world's biota. This section of the NBII provides the user with access to WWW sites that provide biological names of organisms and their classification that shows the evolutionary relationship among the species and taxonomic units included within the classification system.
http://www.nbii.gov/disciplines/systematics.html
Human Evolution: Science Tracer Bullet. Produced by the Library of Congress, this research guide is an online bibliography of print sources on the process of organic change or development by which human beings have acquired the distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics that they have today. Includes: basic texts, handbooks, conference proceedings, dissertations, bibliographies, abstracting and indexing services, journals, representative journal articles, etc. Please note: Resources identified are from the collections of the Library of Congress
http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/humanevolvtb.html
Tree of Life (ToL) is a directory of pages illustrating the phylogenetic tree of organisms, and presenting information about the characteristics of thousands of different groups of organisms. Each ToL page focuses on one particular group. At the top, there will usually be a few pictures of representatives of this group, followed by a phylogenetic tree or taxon list for the subgroups contained within the current group. The tree or taxon list is also one of the principal means of navigation along the branches of the Tree of Life: it has links to deeper parts of the tree (toward the root) and to finer parts of the tree (toward the tips). Below the tree may be various topics, including an introduction to the group, characteristics of members of the group, Internet and literature references, etc. At the top of each page, there are links to the major sections of the ToL web site, while the right sidebar contains links to other pages within the current section of the ToL web site. The structure of the ToL project illustrates the genetic connections between all living things.
http://tolweb.org/
Understanding Evolution is an education website, teaching the science and history of evolutionary biology. This site is here to help you understand what evolution is, how it works, how it factors into your life, how research in evolutionary biology is performed, and how ideas in this area have changed over time. This site is a collaborative project of the University of California Museum of Paleontology and the National Center for Science Education.
http://evolution.berkeley.edu
World Biodiversity Database is a continuously growing taxonomic database and information system that allows you to search and browse a number of online species banks covering a wide variety of organisms. Search by scientific name or common name, and limit by a species bank, or/and language. Records are displayed, sorted by scientific name. Click the scientific name for detailed information about that taxon, such as synonyms, descriptions, illustrations, literature references, online identification keys and interactive geographical information systems.
http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/index.php
WWW Virtual Library (VL): Developmental Biology is a gateway to resources maintained by the Society for Developmental Biology (SDB). While about 25% of the links do not function (the site was last updated in 2004), those that are active provide links to the work of outstanding developmental biology research groups. The site lists links by general subject and by type of organism. Additional resources include: journals and publishers, societies and organizations, departments and institutes, research resources, and educational resources. This library is maintained by the Society for Developmental Biology.
http://www.sdbonline.org/archive/Other/VL_DB.html
Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online is the most complete collection of Darwin's work ever published- with original page numbers, illustrations etc full-text and searchable. Edited and maintained by John van Wyhe of Cambridge University.
http://darwin-online.org.uk/
See also:
Ecology & Conservation
History & Philosophy of Biology
Go to: Developmental Biology and Evolution
Go to: Table of Contents
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
California Academy of Sciences Diatom Collection is an ongoing project to present taxonomic information, images, records of collections, and references pertaining to diatoms. Currently the diatom identification resources focus on freshwater diatoms of the United States. In the future, it will include marine and fossil taxa with an expanded geographic range. Provides a short introduction, a glossary, and a database of genius names.
http://www.calacademy.org/research/diatoms/index.html
Diatoms and Other Algae: ANSP Algae Image Database contains light micrograph images of diatom taxa from rivers throughout the USA. Many taxa are represented. From the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
http://diatom.acnatsci.org/AlgaeImage/
Introduction to Bacillariophyta (The Diatoms) contains information on the fossil record, life history, ecology, systematics, and morphology. From University of California Museum of Paleontology.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/bacillariophyta.html
See also:
Protista/Protoctista
Go to: Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
Go to: Table of Contents
Dictionaries & Taxonomies
Biocomplexity Thesaurus was developed in 2002-2003 through a partnership between the NBII and CSA, a leading bibliographic database provider. The Biocomplexity Thesaurus is a merger of five thesauri: CSA Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Thesaurus, CSA Life Sciences Thesaurus, CSA Pollution Thesaurus, CSA Sociological Thesaurus, CERES/NBII Thesaurus.
http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/
BiologyBrowser: Systematics. A searchable collection of sites related to biological systematics, assembled by Thomson Scientific/BIOSIS.
http://www.biologybrowser.org/bb/Subject/Systematics/index.shtml
Biology-Online: Online Biology Dictionary is a wiki-based dictionary of biology. Knowledgeable readers are invited to contribute new entries or to edit existing entries. Please note: the site uses British rather than American spellings.
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary.asp
BioTech Life Science Dictionary is an outgrowth of the BioTech project at Indiana University, which aims to provide a hybrid biology/chemistry educational resource and research tool on the World Wide Web. The more than 8300 terms related to biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, cell biology and genetics. included are also "medically- and biotechnologically-relevant organisms such as bacteria, worms, fungi, and some plants." Exotic and common animals are excluded from the dictionary because there are far too many species to cover even a fraction in a resource like this.
http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/search/dict-search.html
Bryological Glossary is an updated electronic version of Glossarium Polyglottum Bryologiae, originally published in Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 33, (1990). It contains over 1000 descriptive terms and their definitions, sometimes with an image illustrating the definition, plus the same term in French, German, Latin, Portuguese, and Spanish. First select a letter, then click on a term to view information. From Missouri Botanical Garden.
http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/tropicos/most/Glossary/glosefr.html
Enzyme is a repository of information relative to the nomenclature of enzymes. It is primarily based on the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) and it describes each type of characterized enzyme for which an EC (Enzyme Commission) number has been provided. Flexible search options include searching by EC number,
enzyme class, by description (official name) or alternative name(s), chemical compound, cofactor, and
search in comments lines.
http://ca.expasy.org/enzyme/
Flora of North America provides names, taxonomic relationships, continent-wide distributions, and morphological characteristics of all plants native and naturalized found in North America north of Mexico. (From Harvard)
http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/FNA
Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy, 2001. Currently available in English, French and Spanish.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y2775e/y2775e00.htm
Hypermedia Glossary of Genetic Terms has over 670 entries as of 2006. Pro |
